This project shows how to clean and straighten the outdoor air conditioner condenser coils for better efficiency and cooling.
The AC condenser coils need regular maintenance and cleaning along with the indoor AC evaporator coils because the condenser unit is other half a split central air conditioner system. The purpose of the condenser coil is to release the heat absorbed by the refrigerant at the evaporator coils inside the home so it’s ready for the next cooling cycle. If the condenser coils are clogged with dirt or the fins are bent it will block air flow through the coils and interfere with the heat exchange. This causes the system to work harder and drives up your electric bill.
Bent AC Condenser Coil Fins
The air conditioner system was installed by the home builder and are now about 12 years old. The Heil “entry model” or economy condenser units have coils that are protected by a wire grille which in reality isn’t much protection. I noticed the condenser coil fins had become bent and damaged sometime in the past 2 years. Were the fins bent by the hail storm or more likely by the pressure washer guy?
The bent condenser coil fins are very noticeable in the 2012 photo. The damaged fins are straightened by fin combing in the 2014 image:
How to Clean and Straighten AC Condenser Coils
I called my HVAC service company for the twice a year seasonal maintenance and asked for condenser coil cleaning and fin combing to straighten the bent fins which cost an extra $125 per unit.
These are 3 ton (or 36,000 BTU/hr) condenser units. The coils are painted black by the factory which has mostly worn off. The coils show numerous silver looking areas with bent fins or impact damage. The individual strikes could be something thrown by the lawn mower or a hail strike. That bent fins near ground level are probably from careless use of the weedeater. I believe the pressure washer guy caused the large area of bent fins at the left corner when he cleaned the house (BTW – never pressure wash AC coils!):
The condenser unit wire grille must be removed to comb and straighten the fins. The AC service tech shutoff the electricity at the outdoor service disconnect before starting work, then removed the sheet metal screws to lift off the fan unit and grille. There’s sufficient slack in the fan wiring to lean the top against the wall without disconnecting the wiring:
The rain-proof AC electrical service disconnect box on my home has four 30 AMP breakers (two breakers per condenser unit) rated at 220 Volts:
A look inside the outdoor AC condenser unit showing the scroll compressor. The factory black paint is mostly intact inside the coils. Another thing I don’t like about the entry model condenser units is leaves, seeds and other tree debris easily falls through the fan grille (that’s why I bought a Trane XL16i for my former Florida home which has a solid top cover and sheet metal sides to protect the unit). The leaves aren’t a big deal but I asked the AC service tech to scoop the leaves out of the bottom pan which is about half-way done here:
View of the leaves in the bottom pan of the other AC condenser unit:
It amazes me how people will plant bushes or let vines grow against or over their condenser units. AC units aren’t pretty but need plenty of room to for proper air flow with at least 18 to 24 inches of side clearance and 4 feet above.
Copeland Scroll Compressor
The label on the side of the AC compressor (not visible in the above photo) of says it’s a Copeland Scroll Compressor model ZR36KC-PFV-130. The compressor specifications state:
- Capacity BTU/HR: 36900
-
SEER BTU/WH: 11.0
11 SEER is a fairly low energy efficiency rating. New units are rated 18 to 21 SEER. See how much you can save with the Lennox Energy Savings Calculator. - Electricity Frequency-Phase-Voltage: 60-1-208/230
- Refrigerant: HCFC-22 (also known as R-22) which has been discontinued due to environmental concerns and replaced by R-410A. However, R-22 is still available for servicing older system such as mine.
The scroll compressor is an expensive part to replace in a central air conditioning system requiring specialized tools and training. My Copeland ZR36KC compressor has been replaced by the newer ZR38K5 series and a new compressor would cost around $600. With installation labor and materials the total repair would be in the $900 or $1000 range. But if something major were to fail I would just replace entire system because it’s old and not very energy efficient.
AC Condenser Coil Cleaner
After combing out the condenser coil which straightened most the fins (more on this shortly), the AC technician reinstalled the wire grille and top cover – see the following photo.
Condenser coil cleaners like Nu-Calgon Nu-Brite are alkaline detergents containing sodium hydroxide (lye) meaning it has a PH value of about 13 which is highly caustic, can burn your skin/eyes and the fumes are harmful. Therefore condenser coil cleaners must not be used to clean indoor evaporator coils. Condenser coil cleaners usually require hosing off with water so it doesn’t deteriorate the aluminum coils.
Nu-Brite is available from Amazon:
Carefully read the manufacturer’s instructions and the Good Practices & Procedures for Coil Cleaning before using.
Because Nu-Bright contains sodium hydroxide which is a paint stripper, the product label (see above) states:
“For painted fins or microchannel coils… consider Tri-Pow’r HD, Cal-Green, CalClean or TriClean 2x”
because those other products don’t contain sodium hydroxide and are gentler on the coil fin paint. Your condenser coils may be painted black or have a silver color powder coat for corrosion protection so check your manufacturer’s specifications. For microchannel coils I believe the concern is it’s more challenging to thoroughly rinse the cleaner out of the very small zig-zag fin design.
AC Condenser Coil Cleaning Steps
Shutoff the electricity for the air conditioning system at the outdoor electrical service disconnect or at the house circuit breaker panel. Don’t trust the thermostat because someone may turn it On while you’re working outside. The reason for shutting off the electricity is to prevent the condenser fan from inadvertently running and slinging the caustic chemical cleaner into the air and onto you!
Cleaning the coils was easy:
- Pull the water hose over to the condenser units.
- Mix the coil cleaner in the pump sprayer per the manufacturer’s instructions.
Fill the sprayer with water first followed by the cleaner. - Spray on the coil cleaner.
- Wait about 5 minutes for the cleaner to foam up.
- Wash off the cleaner and dirt with the water hose.
Hosing off the coil cleaner. This photo doesn’t do justice for how much dirt and debris was washing off the coils:
Remember to turn the electricity back On when finished.
How to Straighten Air Conditioner Coil Fins
A fin tool with various size interchangeable heads is used to comb and straighten the evaporator or condenser coil fins. Fin tools are inexpensive so I bought two sets with 8 to 14 and 13 to 20 Fins Per Inch (FPI) because I wasn’t certain which would fit my AC system. As it turned out the black color 12 FPI head fit my condenser coils.
The Fins Per Inch are marked on each head. Take care to use the head that matches your coil fins:
I also like the Robinair 18403 fin comb because it has a comfortable handle and 12 different heads on two wheels with easy to read fin sizes:
The AC tech said he doesn’t get a lot customer requests for fin straightening and didn’t have his fin tool on the truck. I said “No problem! I have a set.”
The AC technician shutoff the electricity at the electrical service disconnect before removing the fan cover and wire grille. The condenser coil fins are badly bent on this unit blocking the air flow. The tech estimated 25% of the air flow was blocked. I think the pressure washer guy was careless when he cleaned the walls.
The AC tech combed the fins by starting at the bottom and pulling the fin tool upward in one steady motion. Why comb from bottom to top? Because combing downward would cause the fin tool handle to touch the ground and stop short. The fins to the right of tech’s hand have been combed and straightened. Recall the dark areas are where the factory black paint coat has worn off.
The fin straightening is working really well. Compare the combed fins to the bent section:
Nearly all of the bent fins on this side of the condenser coil are straightened which should greatly improve the air flow. Only a few damaged spots near the bottom wouldn’t comb out:
My total bill for the Spring maintenance service was $931.00 which included:
- Routine health check for two 3 ton AC systems: electronics, refrigerant charge, furnace, blower motor, filter change, drain pan tablets to prevent algae, clean the condensate line and pump, etc.
- The AC tech discovered my whole house humidifier on the air handler was wired incorrectly to run when the AC or furnace were On. He changed the humidistat circuit so it operated only when the furnace was running. I turn Off the humidistat in Spring so it’s not fighting the AC, but it’s nice to know it’s wired correctly now.
- Replace two air handler blower motor capacitors and one compressor start capacitor.
The capacitors were at 80% so I elected to have them replaced now versus when it’s 100 °F in July. - Clean and straighten coils on two condenser units at $125 each.
- Replace a bad safety cutoff float switch on the auxiliary (or emergency) drain pan under the attic air handler.
The new Rectorseal AG-1200+ float switch is way improved over the original lever type switch. - $265 annual maintenance plan for two systems (which covers today’s routine work). My Fall system maintenance is covered when it’s time to run the furnace.
Hope this helps,
Bob Jackson